johnson



E. JOHNSON I July 19, 1932. I Re. 18,534 Y RESISTANCE ELIMINATOR FOR AIRCRAFT AND WATERCRAFT Original Filed March 26. 1930 Z SheetS-Sheet 1 Inventor A llomey E. JoHNsbN July 19, 1932.

RESISTANCE ELIMINATOR FOR AIRCRAFTAND WATER CRAFT z'She ts-Sheet 2 Original Filed uarm 2a. 1950 Reisaued July 19, 1932 nnwanpjonuson. or 'nEw Rosanna, New YORK- nnsrsfrmon summation nonhuman" Am) WATER CRAFT Originallio. ass-2,960, 'dated May 10, 19:2; swarm. 439,148,1i1ed'liarch26, mo. Applicatlontor reissue filed Hay, 1982.

This invention-relates, to improvements in resistance eliminators for a1r.'.craft and.

water craft and-has for its primary'object,

the provision of means for eliminating the parasitic resistance in air craft in fiight and water craft in moving over or through a body ofwater.

- Anotherobject of the inventionis to provide means for controlling or re ulatingthe parasitic resistance on air era -when desired.--

A further object is'to providea novel means I whereby the liftingpower of an air foil of an aeroplane ca'n be increased without in- 11'.- creasing the parasitic" resistance and which "also serves to stabilize aircraft in fllght, and

water craftwhen moving in a forward direction over or through-a body of water.

proved meanswh'ereby the spec craft and which facilitates theeasy maneuveri-ng of air craft and water craft when in' motion.

A still further object is to providemeans whereby the bow or front of water craft or and efiicient in operation.

dirigibles will be prevented from 'swe'rving, thus maintaining the crafts on a given course.

The inventionhas fora still further object.

the provision of a construction which will fore, and which may be inexpensively installed in air craft and water craft without necessitating any material'alterations in the construction thereof, and which ispositive With these and other objects in View the invention resides in the certain -novelxcon-.

struction, combination and arrangement of parts, the essential features of which are hereinafter fully described, are particular- 2 1y pointed out in the appended claims, and

are illustrated in theacc'ompanying drawin s, in which igure 1 is a sectional perspective view of an aeroplane wing with my improvement embodied therein.

v Figure 2. is a diagrammatic view illustrat- Serial no. 013,330.

ingthe principle of my invention applied to a dirigi le. v I

. Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view in side elevation of the principle applied to a ship. lgure 4 is a top plan view of the ship shown in Figure?) with parts broken away. I a Figure 5 1s a diagrammatic view illustrating the principle'as applied to a marine torpedo.

. In the drawings, I have illustrated the principle of my invention as applied to the rear; edge of an aeroplane wing 17, which wingembodies a top wall or air foil 18, and alspaced lower or under wall 19, the latter terminating short of the rear edge of the top spaced transverse partitions 23 to divide the PQCkQtlIllJO inner and outer communicating chambers. It will be appreciated that a vacuum will be created atthe restricted passage 24.between the flapper 21 and the partition 22 causingtthe air stream to travel in the direction illustrated by the arrows, thus eliminating parasitic resistance on the top of the air foil or wall 18 at the rear thereof. accomplish the ,VaIlOllS aims set forth heretos In Figure 2 Ihave illustrated the principle as applied to a dirigible, the envelope or bag of the dirigible being designated by the nose end of the bag 25, and which is held spaced therefrom and substantially parallel to the walls of the nose by partitions 27. The tip of the nose overlaps the forward end of the partition 26 as' at28 to provide a restricted passage between the forward exterior'portion of the partition and the inner walls of the nose portion 28. Although I have stated that the partition 26 is substantially parallel to the nose of the dirigible bag, the rear edge of thepartition may be spaced at a slightly greater space than that between the front edge of the partiton and the nose '28. Although I have specifically described head resistance is materially reduced, which will facilitate easier maneuvering of the cumbersome craft and enable the same to be kept on a given course.

In Figures 3 and 4, the principle is shown embodied in a ship or vessel in which the bow is provided on opposite sides with pockets 29 in which partitions or blades 30 extend,

and which partitions are substantiallyeparallel and in spaced relation to the sides of the hull of the vessel. 30 are secured in shaped relation with respect to the walls of the pocket and the sides of the hull by partitions 31 and the said pockets are closed both at the top and bottom to enable the necessary vacuum to be set up in order to reduce the parasitic resistance of the vessel during its forward movement trough a body of water. Although I have described the principle as applied to the bow of a boat or' vessel, the same may be equally applied to the vessel midship's as illustrated.

In the use of my invention'as shown in Figures 3 and 4'. the pockets 29 are closed both at the top and bottom while the space between thesides of the hull and the partitions 30 are'closed at the top and opened at the bottom. This tends to eliminate drag along the protruding keel and causes the reduction of resistance.

In Figure 5 of the drawings, I have illustrated a marine torpedo 32in which the invention is precisely the same as that shown in Figures 3 and 4, and like reference characters refer to like parts. The same principle may be-embodied at the tail end of the torpedo as illustrated in Figure 5.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that by applying the principle to either an aeroplane wing, diri 'ble, steamship, or marine torpedo, the resu t is the same, name ly the breaking down-or reduction of the parasitic resistance, thus enabling these various crafts, to travel at an increased speed without an increase of horse power, and will further prevent the nose of dirigibles, ships,and torpedoes, from swerving when in flight, and will; materially increase-the lifting power.

Although I have illustrated several uses to which my invention'may he put, it will be understood that other types of air and water crafts may be equipped with this principle andthat the parts and their arrangement may The partitions or Walls be modified if desired without in any way departing from the s irit of my invention, as I do not limit myse f to the structural details herein shown and provided nor to anything less than the whole of the invention, limited only by the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a propelled device, a body provided with two communicating passages, one passage opening forward of the other passage, said forwardly opening passage having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere while said other passage has a dimentional increase to the atmosphere thereby causing a continuous circulation of air: or water from the rear opening threthrough as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a propelled device, a body having a curvillneal passage of a dimensional increase to the atmosphere at one end and a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere at the other forward end thereby causing a continuous circulation of air or water therethrough from the rear opening for the purpose specified.

In a propelled device, a body having its surface so formed to provide a tapered passage havlng an inlet and outlet to the atmos phere, said outlet being forward of said inlet and having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere,.said inlet having a dimensional.

increase to the atmosphere thereby causing a COIltlIlllOllS circulation of air or water therethrough from the rear thereof for the purpose specified.

4. A propelled device comprising a body having a pocket therein, opening to the atmosphere a partition member set in said pocket to form said pocketinto a continuous passage: having an inlet, and an outletv forward of said inlet, said inlet having a dimensional increase to the atmosphere, said out- I let having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere whereby a stream of air or water pass ng said outlet and a part of said stream of air or water entering said inlet causes a continuous circulation of air or water around said partition member for the purpose 1 specified.

5. A propelled device comprising 'a body having a pocket opening to the atmosphere, a partition member set in said pocket to form saidpocket into a compression chamber having an inlet of a dimensional increase to the atmosphere, an outlet to said chamber around the forward part of said member, said outlet having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere whereby a stream of air or water pass-' compression chamber as and for the purpose 6. A propelled device comprising a body the outer surface of which is so formed to provide a pocket which opens to the atmosphere, a partition member set in said pocket and spaced from the walls thereof. for dividing said pocket into inner and outer communieating chambers, both of said chambers opening to the atmosphere, said inner chamber having a dimensional increase to the atmos-' ing inner chamber any partial vacuum drag therein and owing to a part of said stream of air or water having its path abruptly widened at the larger opening.

7 A propelled device comprising a body having a pocket opening to the atmosphere, a partition member set in said pocket for dividing the pocket into inner and outer communicating chambers, both of said chambers opening to the atmosphere, said inner chamber having a dimensional increase to the atmosphere and said outer chamber havinga tapered release vent to the atmosphere, whereby the atmosphere pressure of air or water within said inner chamber being greater than the pressure of air or water within said outer chamber is partially released through said communicating outer chamber and taper release vent thereof to the atmosphere, thereby causing a continuous circulation of air or water around said partition member as and for the purpose specified.

8. A propelled device comprising a body having a pocket opening to the atmosphere,

a partition member set in said pocket for dividing said pocket into inner and outer communicating chambers both of said chambers opening to the atmosphere, said inner chamber having a dimensional increase to the atmosphere while said outer chamber has a dimensional increase to the atmosphere, said pocket and partition member being so formed and arranged at the communicating passage of said chambers whereby the pressure and also the circulation of air or water can be governed as desired within said chambers in the direction as and for the purpose specified.

9. A propelled'device comprising a body having a pocket therein opening to the atmosphere, a artition member set in said pocket for dividing the pocket into inner and outer communicating chambers, both said chambers opening to the atmosphere, said inner chamber having a dimensional decrease inwardly from theatmosphere and being less than the outer chamber dimension adjacent the communicating passage of said chambers, said outer chamber having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere whereby the pressure and circulation of air or water within the inner chamber is partially restrained from entering said outer chamber, the air or water being drawn from said outer chamber by the passing stream of air or Water.

10. A propelled device including a body having a pocket therein opening to the atmosphere, a partition-member set in said pocket for dividing the pocket into inner and outer communicating chambers, both said chambers opening to the atmosphere said inner chamber having a dimensional decrease inwardly from the atmosphere and being larger than the outer chamber dimension adjacent the communicating passage of said chambers,

said outer chamber having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere whereby the pressure of air or water within both of said chambers is increased and causes a circulation of air or water around said partition member as and for the purpose specified.

11. A propelled device including abody having a pocket therein opening to the atmosphere, a partition memberset in said pocket for dividing the pocket into inner and outer communicating chambers, both ofsaid chambers opening tothe atmosphere, said inner chamber being larger and having a dimensional increase and also increased area opening to the atmosphere, said outer chamber being smaller and having a dimensional decrease to the atmosphere forward of said area opening whereby atmospheric pressure of air or water within said area opening enters said inner chamber and a part of which -is released.or is drawn through said outer EDWARD JOHNSON. 

